![]() ![]() If water and sodium are lost at the same rate, then the serum sodium concentration remains the same.If water loss is accompanied by excessive sodium loss, then the serum sodium concentration decreases, resulting in hyponatremic (or hypotonic) dehydration.If water loss is greater in comparison to sodium loss, then the serum sodium concentration increases, resulting in hypernatremic (or hypertonic) dehydration.Working in hot weather without water and electrolyte replacement is another common cause of dehydration.ĭehydration can be classified according to serum sodium concentration into hypernatremic, hyponatremic, or isonatremic dehydration. Common causes of increased fluid loss include vomiting, diarrhea, diuresis, and sweating. In the elderly, impaired thirst sensation, chronic illness, fever, and sickness are common causes of decreased water intake. Fluid loss from the intracellular space results in cellular shrinkage and metabolic dysfunction.ĭehydration occurs because of decreased water intake, increased fluid loss, or both. In dehydration, fluid from the extracellular compartment is depleted first, followed by fluid from the intracellular space. The intracellular compartment contains two-thirds of the total body water and consists of the fluid inside the body’s cells. The extracellular compartment contains one-third of total body water and consists of the intravascular, interstitial, and transcellular spaces. Total body water is distributed into extracellular and intracellular compartments. Hypovolemia is defined as decreased circulatory volume due to blood or plasma loss. The severity of dehydration ranges from mild to severe, and dehydration can be fatal when fluid loss exceeds more than 15% of the total body water. The balance between fluid intake and fluid loss from the body is greatly disproportionate in dehydration. Dehydration is defined as the excessive loss of water from the body. ![]()
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